Ideal Family Defining the Ideal Family Throughout...

The ideal American family was transformed in the 19th century in large part due to the great changes taking place in the American society. Many family groups fit this changing mold while some did not. In this essay I will show how this concept of the ideal American family changed. I will also try to explain which groups of Americans followed this concept and why. The end of the 18th century was a turbulent time in American history. The country had just won its independence from Great Britain and was attempting to find an identity for itself. Up to this point families in America were similar to British families. The father was the head of the household, but lived in harmony with his wife. The children were seen as part of the†¦show more content†¦Working class families also tended to have more children than middle class families because their labor was often needed to supplement that of their parents. These traits applied mostly to Protestant Caucasians of British descent, but some immigrants were also affected by these economic changes. The changes that shaped this domestic family were not only economic ones. Ideological transformations always accompany drastic economic changes. One such ideological change was the emergence of the Republican Mother. While women were discriminated against in politics as well as other forms of self-expression, they were still needed by the state. Because of the influence that women had in their families especially in the raising of the children the state had to convince women to be virtuous and to bring up good intelligent voters. This ideal was most likely applied only to middle class women as they were more virtuous and did not work outside of the home. Unlike the women of the colonial period, these women were responsible for their children and were blamed when the children were bad. The idea that the children were born as blank slates was also a product of the new ideology of the 19th century. Religious ideals changed in the early part of the century through Enlightenment. Children were, for the first time, being seen as innocent. In colonial time it was seen as the father’s fault if the children were bad because theirShow MoreRelatedEwens Immigrant Women in the Land of Dollars Essay1013 Words   |  5 Pages Throughout history, the concept of Americanization has been studied in order to better understand the effects of a mass culture on immigrants. On one side stands the view of an immigrant engulfed in American ideology who leaves behind his past. He conforms to this new individualism and now is able to move upward on the economic ladder. On the opposite end of defining Americanization is the unscathed immigrant who maintains his oldRead More`` This American Life ``921 Words   |   4 Pagesâ€Å"This American Life† was the story of the fractioned view Keith Aldrich’s children had of him, and his daughter, Gillian’s, attempt to reconcile an entire image of her father. Aldrich’s story was one of caution, of becoming too caught up in one’s surroundings. In seeking to become a staple of a piece of time and history, Aldrich disregarded his individuality in order to emulate those he admired. Aldrich life was a pattern of change categorized by numerous marriages and the resulting children. HeRead More`` This American Life ``934 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"This American Life† was the story of The fractioned view Keith Aldrich’s children had of him, and his daughter, Gillian’s, attempt to reconcile an entire image of her father. Aldrich’s story was one of caution, of becoming too caught up in one’s surroundings. In seeking to become a staple of a piece of time and history, Aldrich disregarded his indi viduality in order to emulate those he admired. Aldrich life was a pattern of change categorized by numerous marriages and the resulting children. HeRead MoreAnalysis Between Old World and New World Gender Roles Essay1222 Words   |  5 Pages Throughout American history, women, have been discriminated against and did not receive the same political as well as social rights as men since America was heavily a patriarchal society. Although women were still not on the same level of power as men in America, when women began to actually make social and political advancements in the early 20th century, their newfound liberty exceeded the independence that women of Old World cultures received and this if evident in the book Breadgivers AnnaRead MoreOverview. 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This type of memory was especially prevalent during the American civil war. It affected the soldiers fighting in the war as well as the children of those who fought. It is vital that we have an awarenessRead MoreThe Idealistic Centerpiece of American Heritage Essay1492 Words   |  6 Pagesway some persons were at odds with finding an American identity due to the color of their skin and standard of living. The struggles of those that now called America home were on all platforms; social, economic, and cultural. Some were created more equal than others and this was the grim reality faced by many ethnic minorities. The toil of these people in improving their position in society regardless of circumstance is a prime example of the American dream. Through their perpetual struggle to formRead MoreBritish American Influence on Australia1015 Words   |  5 Pagesnational identity was virtually the same as the British. 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Helen Keller An Idol to Deaf People - 2987 Words

HELEN KELLER AN IDOL TO DEAF PEOPLE? Rona M. Stanley HIS 331: History of the American Deaf Community December 1, 2013 As children, many of us watched â€Å"The Miracle Worker,† the movie that showcased Helen Keller as a deaf blind child in need of communication. Through the movie, we came to admire and sympathize for this character as the movie portrays her perseverance to overcome her disabilities instead of resigning to them. The love and bond between her and her teacher, Anne Sullivan, leaves us with an image of a loving and compassionate person that we’ve come to respect. Children’s literature often portrays her in the same light. School lessons portray her as one of the leading figures of the twentieth century. She is held in high regards for overcoming her disabilities to become an advocate for people with disabilities. Some might even consider her to be an inspiration to the deaf and blind due to her success in life. While this information may be factual, why is the rest of her life left out? Why is her political views disregarded? Where is the information showing her support of eugenics? Is Helen really the advocate that we originally thought she was? Was Helen an advocate that believed all disabled people should receive equality? Or were her views on advocacy different? There are many questions as to why our society focus on Helen as a pitiful deaf blind girl in need of nurturing and communication and ignored the rest of her passions that made her

Causes for the Popularity of Fast Food Restaurants free essay sample

In this modern lifestyle the popularity of fast food restaurants are growing every day. Fast food restaurants have appeared in large quantities all over the world and these restaurants have become more popular, because fast food can be prepared and served very fast. Jessica Williams (2007, p. 216) finds that â€Å"Fast food restaurants were firstly appeared in Unites States in the 1940s. Today there are hundreds of thousands of them. According to Eric Schlosser in his book, Fast Food Nation, the amount of money Americans spent on fast food went from $6 billion in 1970 to more than $100 billion in the late 1990s. Twenty five percent of the population eats at a fast food restaurant every day. Although fast food started in the United States, it has spread across the world and its popularity is growing day by day. † The variety of people, especially adults and young people prefer to eat fast food from restaurants than home cooked food. There are numerous reasons for the popularity of fast food restaurants among which most important reasons are that they are inexpensive and easily available in various taste and varieties. This essay attempts to explain about the various causes for the popularity of fast food restaurants. This essay will explain three main causes for the popularity of fast food restaurants. These three main causes are: fast foods are inexpensive, fast foods are available in various tastes and varieties, and it is a way of socializing with friends and family. One of the most significant reasons for the popularity of fast food restaurants is that, fast foods are inexpensive. Fast food is cheap because the production is streamlined; means fast food can be produce in huge bulk, so that the quality becomes uniform and satisfy huge demand. In addition to that, the cost of the ingredients of fast food is cheaper than whole meal food. Emil Brindal (April 2010, p. 17-18) stated that most people consume fast food because of convenience factor. Many people are constantly busy with their routine life; they do not have time to prepare good food at home between their busy schedules. For these people fast food restaurants becomes one of the source for satisfy their hunger at any time. Fast food restaurants are convenient for most of the people. Besides that, fast food restaurants can be found near to the most of the public places. So no one needs to waste the time to search for food when they get hungry. Nowadays people can also order fast food by calling a restaurant and acquiring free home delivery, by that way they can save time as well as money. For example, students have generally limited pocket money and they tend to spend their money carefully. Thus this situation makes them to eat fast food because it is more affordable for them. Thus the cheapness of fast food becomes one of the leading causes of its popularity. Fast foods are easily available in various taste and varieties that is the other cause for the popularity of fast food restaurants. According to (Ritzer,2002) the most popular fast food restaurants such as McDonald, KFC and Burger King provides kids menu, special limited offer with games which make their customer very happy and comfortable with their menu options. Some restaurants put the cartoons and games in the restaurants to attract the children. They also make designs over the food and catch the attention of the children to buy that food. The taste of fast food is delicious so that all the people attract towards it. It also satisfies the hunger very quickly. Nowadays we can get various types of fast food in restaurants. We can see the various fast food restaurants worldwide. The taste food items remain same in each store and in each country. For example, fries are available at each fast food restaurant and they having the same taste because the procedure for making that and ingredients that they have used for food are remain same. Fast food cannot easily prepared at home but can also be ordered from fast food restaurants which usually have special offers and deals available to make it cheaper or more cost effective. Some fast food restaurants are opened for 24 hours so that become beneficial for hungry people after midnight. They also maintain hygiene for satisfy the customer and their reputation. Another reason for popularity of fast food restaurant is that it is a way of socializing with friends and family. Nowadays fast food restaurant become a place for the social functions. Fast food is becoming more popular in kids and even in aged people. Everyone grab the chance to enjoy the fast food in every moment of happiness. people can get relax by eating fast food or junk food and can spend some moments with family and friends in fast food restaurant. Advertisements of fast food restaurants in television also grab the attention of people as well as children. Sometimes fast food restaurant also become a place for the celebration of birthdays, anniversaries and many more events. In conclusion, the popularity of fast food restaurants in this leading age is rising day by day. People can satisfy their hunger during their busy days with fast food very quickly by having their favorite food. They can get fast food items for a cheaper price. Cheap food is struggle for many to achieve in today’s society. Most fast food restaurants even have a dollar menu. So by that way people can buy fast food in reasonable price. In my opinion, people should be aware about their health and fitness. Fast food contain high calorie. According to USDA (2010) Dietary Guideline for Americans, by eating high calorie content food create nutrition deficiency along with weight gain. Fast food also contain high amount of cholesterol and salts which is responsible for cardio vascular health problems. Thus fast food products have many disadvantages though they are popular and sometimes it becomes a cause for various diseases related to heart and obesity. So that people should eat fast food in their regular diet as less as they can.

Sor juana ines de la cruz Essay Example For Students

Sor juana ines de la cruz Essay Truly the Americas First Feminist?Failing to Set a PrecedentIn Estela Portillo Trambleys play Sor Juana the main character Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz was considered to be one of the earliest feminists. Sor Juanas eternal struggles to study and unshakable craving for knowledge and wisdom, from whatever source it may be, support this attribute. In my opinion however, there are also significant elements of the play that suggest that Sor Juana would not be considered a true feminist. Of these reasons, there are three major ones that I will analyze. The first reason is that Sor Juana gave up her struggle for the acquirement of knowledge from books and settled for reading from religiously accepted writing, essentially giving up what she had been originally fighting for and abandoning her previous ideals. Secondly, Sor Juana only fought for herself and what she wanted to pursue. She did not fight for other women or in other political, economic, or social spheres. Finally, the play fails to identify how Sor Juana set any kind of precedent or example by accomplishing anything that women before her had never accomplished. In the remainder of this essay I will analyze how Trambleys representation of Sor Juana is that of a woman concerned only with her own desires and also a woman that gave up her struggle for personal rights that she had once been so motivated to attain prior to setting any precedent for women as a group. One major reason that I do not consider Sor Juana to be the Americas First Feminist is that she gave up her struggle for what she originally wanted so badly. In the beginning, Sor Juana went through so much and worked so hard to learn and read and attain knowledge. She seemed so strong, looking past being laughed at and not taken seriously and continuing her quest to study. She began to give in and her original goals started to slip away. and the Church will let me learn. (151). This quote illustrates how Sor Juana joined the convent to be able to learn because she was not allowed to learn otherwise. Sor Juana settled for life in a convent. She was then forced to live a stricter lifestyle and was limited in her reading materials. It seems she complied with little struggle. Then she felt guilty for having used God in the first place to help her achieve her goal. This led to the abandonment of her original purpose altogether. Sor Juana says, My whole life was sinful (164), and They accuse me of loving knowledge more than God. (171). Both of these quotes show how Sor Juana used the Church to be able to learn rather than to continue fighting for admittance into a university. This whole progression of events is evidence that Sor Juana was never a true feminist. Although she was an assertive and determined young woman earlier in life, Sor Juana learned to accept the way the world was, abandoned what feminist ideals she had had, and devoted her later life to pleasing God and being a good nun. Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz, as portrayed in Trambleys play is only concerned with her own desires. She never shows interest in other womens rights and she never speaks to otherwomen about the idea of equal rights. She does not encourage her fellow females to fight to attend colleges and learn. It is like to Sor Juana, there is no such thing as another woman who desires the same things as she. To me this limits the extent to which Sor Juana could be called a feminist. She never, in any way, attempted to fight for the rights of anyone beside herself, and for no thing besides the freedom to study and become learned. It is much more applicable to refer to Sor Juana as one of the first in a sort of evolutionary linearity of what finally became feminism. .ue80488965890b412041b7fce64cb81f9 , .ue80488965890b412041b7fce64cb81f9 .postImageUrl , .ue80488965890b412041b7fce64cb81f9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue80488965890b412041b7fce64cb81f9 , .ue80488965890b412041b7fce64cb81f9:hover , .ue80488965890b412041b7fce64cb81f9:visited , .ue80488965890b412041b7fce64cb81f9:active { border:0!important; } .ue80488965890b412041b7fce64cb81f9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue80488965890b412041b7fce64cb81f9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue80488965890b412041b7fce64cb81f9:active , .ue80488965890b412041b7fce64cb81f9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue80488965890b412041b7fce64cb81f9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue80488965890b412041b7fce64cb81f9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue80488965890b412041b7fce64cb81f9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue80488965890b412041b7fce64cb81f9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue80488965890b412041b7fce64cb81f9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue80488965890b412041b7fce64cb81f9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue80488965890b412041b7fce64cb81f9 .ue80488965890b412041b7fce64cb81f9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue80488965890b412041b7fce64cb81f9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Strain Transformation Essay At the low end of the evolutionary spectrum are characters like Sor Juana. She was forthright and assertive about what she desired, but she lacked the ability or means to organize or extend her struggle to any topic

Humor in the Workplace

Introduction Modern scholars as well as business administrators attempt to identify those factors which impact people’s attitude toward their jobs, their willingness to remain with the company, and contribute to its performance.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Humor in the Workplace specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Special attention is paid to humor and fun at the workplace since they are associated with such positive outcomes as decreased absenteeism and burnout, and improved relations among employees (Plester, 2009, p 584). Additionally, it is believed that humor and fun can enhance group cohesiveness and team work (Baptise, 2009, p 601). Overall, their effects are considered to be beneficial. This paper aims to discuss the ways in which fun and humor can impact managing people at work. Yet, it is necessary for us to explain how humor and fun are constructed in contemporary organizations. In o ther words, one has to understand in what kind of companies people are more likely to have fun or resort to humor. The findings of this paper can be important from theoretical and practical perspectives: on the one hand, they can better explain those forces which govern the relations among colleagues; while on the other hand, they can be used by managers, who need to improve the climate in the workplace and ultimately raise productivity of employees. Humor and fun in their workplace and their manifestations Humor and fun are those notions which avoid definitions or interpretations; in part, because there are hundreds if not thousands definitions of humor.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Managers and researchers do not overlook the issue because it is vital to mark the boundaries of legitimate or permissible fun in the workplace. Modern scholars define these notion s in terms of what they are not. In other words, they try to single out those aspects of fun, which are not permissible, for instance, Jerald Greenberg focuses on those jokes which are based on racial or sexual stereotypes (2010 p 176). In short, humor must not be offensive or it will eventually result into hostility. In their turn, Susanna Stromberg and Jan Karlsson (2009) argue that the management must not tolerate those activities which can potentially distract employees from their direct duties or harm the reputation of an organization. In addition to that, psychologists and sociologists associate humor and fun with subcultures in the workplace. The thing is that employees can adopt overtly compliant behavior and at the same time mock the managers behind their backs (Stromberg Karlsson, 2009, p 634). Understanding of these boundaries is crucial for the management since humor can turn into a very dangerous weapon that produces adverse effects on the company. At this point we can say that the impacts of fun or humor depend on how employees and managers understand these notions and how they determine whether they are appropriate for a particular situation or not.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Humor in the Workplace specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Apart from that, one should remember that humor and fun in the workplace are connected with organizational culture, structure, power distance between the co-workers. One of the factors which are commonly identified by scholars is generational difference (Lamm Meeks 2009). Different generations such as baby boomers1, generation Xers2, or Millennials3 have different attitudes and perceptions of work (Macky, Gardner Forsyth, 2008). For example, some people, who were born between 1941 and 1960 may object to fun because it may distract employees from their direct responsibilities, whereas Millennials are more favorable of it (Lamm Me eks 2009, p 620; Zemke et al, 2000). Thus, one can say that the age of employees shapes workplace relations, including attitude toward humor and fun. Another very important factor is power distance in the company. If an organization has a complex hierarchical structure in which there are many formal barriers among co-workers, they are less likely to make or take jokes. Such scholars as Peter Fleming and Andrew Sturdy (2009) study believe that lack of empowerment, over-supervision suppress individuality and subsequently stifle person’s willingness to express joy or fun. Certainly, one can hardly deny the fact that humor is present in bureaucratic and hierarchical organizations as well, but it often has such characteristics as sarcasm or even cynicism because it is usually directed against high-ranking officials or even against clients (Kinnie, Hutchinson Purcell, p 967). Thus, we can say that the nature of fun and humor in contemporary organizations are dependent on the cultu re, structure, values, and even demographic characteristic of the employees, especially age.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The influence of humor and fun The influence of humor and fun manifest itself at different levels. Such a researchers Nicole Baptiste points out the following beneficial effects of fun the workplace: 1) psychological benefits such as decreased sense of stress and anxiety or enhanced job satisfaction; 2) physical improvements, especially reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, and 3) improved relations among employees in terns of cooperation, social support, trust, and reciprocity (Baptiste, 2009, p 603). These are the most important advantages. It should also be mentioned that a person, who expresses his/her disagreement through joke or witticism, is less likely to come into conflict with his/her colleagues. This ability to express fun is particularly important in the relations between the managers and frontline personnel. Apart from that, both humor and fun can improve a great number of organizational activities, especially brainstorming during which employees have to come up with daring and often unrealistic ideas (Baptiste, 2009, p 608). The managers, who use humor as method of motivation, can better involve the frontline personnel into brainstorming because they will not be afraid of making mistakes. As it has been said before, the employees, who can freely make jokes, feel more relaxed, and they are less susceptible to work stress. More importantly, they are less likely to vent their spleen on their families. Therefore, these improvements can be explained by the psychological impacts of having fun. Apart from that, the surveys conducted by different companies show that the employees, who have an opportunity to have fun at work, display higher levels of job satisfaction (Karl Pelluchette, 2006). Consequently, these people are more likely to stay with a company or an organization that will not have to incur extra expenses on recruitment and training of new hires. One should not assume that fun in the workplace is related only to psychological wellbeing of the staff. In fact, these activities can allow the company to minimize its operating costs. This is one the key reasons why fun and humor are accepted or at least tolerated by modern business administrators. Additionally, we need to discuss the culture which can emerge due to the influence of humor and fun. Such companies as Google create leisure-oriented workplace, allow employees to ride scooters in the office in effort to reduce work stress (Bolton Houlihan, 2009, p 558). The management of this corporation encourages or at least does not prohibit the personnel to have fun. As a result, the employees of this corporation have formed a distinct type of identity that is different from other companies. The business culture of Google has become associated with empowerment, relative autonomy of the employees, and youth. On the whole, it is possible to argue that humor and fun liberalize the managerial policies of an organization and makes them less formalized and bureaucratic. Neverthe less, business administrators should remember at the same time, humor and fun can lead to excessively familiar relations between the management and front-line personnel; in particular, one should remember about those situations when interpersonal relations become more important than workplace responsibilities. Yet, such scenario is possible only in those cases when the management cannot draw a distinct line between interpersonal and workplace relations. Discussion This analysis indicates that the influence of humor and fun on the managerial policies and employee relations is not universal. The outcomes depend on the size of an organization, demographic structure, its dominant business culture, and workplace hierarchy. As a rule, they lead to the liberalization of relations between the senior management and frontline personnel. In such environment, the employees feel free to express their opinions. By encouraging the workers to have fun, the management can promote better teamwork and brainstorming practices. Yet, the most crucial question is how to define humor and fun so that they would be applicable to modern work environment. They must not evolve into familiarity, negligence, and over-permissiveness, since they can weaken the company’s performance. These are the most important questions that the management should remember about. References Baptiste N. 2009. Fun and well-being: insights from senior managers in a local authority. Employee Relations. 31 (6), p 600-612. Bolton S. Houlihan M. 2009 Are we having fun yet? A consideration of workplace fun and engagement. Employee Relations 31, (6), pp 556-559. Greenberg. J. (2010). Insidious Workplace Behavior. London: Routledge. Fleming P. Sturdy A. Just be yourself!† Towards neo-normative control in organisations? Employee Relations, (31), 6, p 569-583. Karl, K. and Peluchette, J. 2006, Does workplace fun buffer the impact of emotional exhaustion on job dissatisfaction? A study of health care worker s, Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management, 7 (2), pp. 128-41. Kinnie, N., Hutchinson, S. and Purcell, J. (2000), Fun and surveillance: the paradox of high  commitment management in call centres, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 11 (5), pp. 967-85. Lamm E. Meeks M. Workplace fun: the moderating effects of generational differences. Employee relations, 31, (6), p 613-631 Macky, K., Gardner, D. and Forsyth, S. (2008), Generational differences at work: introduction. and overview. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 28 (8), pp. 857-61. Plester B. 2009. Crossing the line: boundaries of workplace humour and fun. Employee Relations. 31, (6), pp 584-599. Stromberg. S. Karlsson. J. 2009. Rituals of fun and mischief: the case of the Swedish meatpackers. Employee Relations (31), 6, pp 632-647. Zemke, R., Raines, C. and Filipczak, B. (Eds) 2000. Generations at Work: Managing the Clash of Veterans, Boomers, Xers, and Nexters in Your Workplace. NY: Amacon, Footnotes 1 The generation of people born after the World War II. 2 People who were born between 1960 and 1980 3 People who were born between 1980 and 2000 This critical writing on Humor in the Workplace was written and submitted by user Khloe Alford to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Offering Help in English for ESL Learners

Offering Help in English for ESL Learners There are a number of formulas used when offering help in English. Here are some of the most common: May I help you?Can I help you?Are you looking for something?Would you like some help?Do you need some help?What can I do for you today? After you study these constructions, take the offering help quiz to check your understanding. Construction Formula Verb Form May I help you? Use May I or Can I the base form of the verb in a statement. Are you looking for something? Use Are you looking for something OR anything in particular OR specific object Would you like some help? Use Would you like some help OR some advice OR a recommendation Do you need some help? Use Do you need some help OR some advice OR a recommendation What can I do for you today? Use What can I do for you, her, him, etc. today OR this morning, this afternoon, this evening

Organisational behaviour Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Organisational behaviour - Assignment Example Planning is thus an ability to improve the condition, which could include increasing market share or enhancing profits. It thus suggests that planning is a primary management function aimed at achieving organizational goals and objectives. 2.0 The Planning Environment Every business, regardless of size, must develop a comprehensive plan which would force the management to think of the realties to be faced in the business world (French, Kelly and Harrison, 2004). This should have well-defined format and parts. This conforms to Valdehueza’s (2009) definition that goals are a desired future state that the organization focuses on while plans are the blueprint that specifies the resource allocation, schedules and actions necessary to achieve the intended goals. Organizational goals, mission and objectives symbolize legitimacy to the external stakeholders while plans motivate the employees to perform action, thereby reducing uncertainty. 3.0 Benefits of Planning The benefits of plan ning range from economic benefits to adaptive thinking and can also include integration and control (Appiah-Adu, Morgan and Katsikeas, 1996). Planning benefits could either be utilitarian or psychological in nature. The Utilitarian benefits are the planning capabilities that manifest in enhanced organizational processes, acquisition of knowledge-based skills and coordination of strategic activities (Appiah-Adu, Morgan and Katsikeas, 1996). Psychological benefits demonstrate the values and perceptions of management. The psychological benefits include enhanced morale, motivation and commitment by the employees to the strategic plans drawn up by the management. This is specially perceived in change management when the management the planned the change process before the actual change takes place. Mergers and acquisitions can have a demoralizing effect on employees but with the right planning the objectives of change can me met and resistance overcome. Wolverhampton & Dudley Breweries p lc (W&DB) UK took over two breweries within twelve months which resulted in considerable downsizing and closing down of some units (Pollitt, 2006). This can lead to demoralizing of staff resulting in reduced productivity. However, W&DB had strategically planned the change process and could overcome the resistance within a short period of time. The goal of the organization was to avoid imbalance, which is generally expected in any change, with the right organizational strategy. Through transparency, effective communication, removal of management trappings and employee involvement they could achieve the desired goal. They could achieve this because the change process was planned much before the actual change took place. 4.0 Long-Term Planning As uncertainty manifest in the modern business enterprise formal strategic planning took shape in organizations. The purpose of strategic planning is to rationalize and articulate the process of integrated decision making among firms. Planning ca n be strategic or operational where strategic planning pertains to long-term planning and operational to short-term planning. A study of ninety-seven small firms in central Iowa, in the USA was conducted to evaluate the planning/performance relationship (Shrader et al cited in French, Kelly and Harrison, 2004). The study found that planning and performance are

Managing for future Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Managing for future - Assignment Example Part I: Analysing the environment Corporate social responsibility Tata steel is one of the firms which were the first to have a fully fledged corporate social responsibility program, not only in India but also around the world. This began with its founder in the early 20th century, who in his own words said that â€Å"In a free enterprise, the community is not just another stakeholder in business but is in fact the very purpose of its existence" (Srivastava, 2012, p. 20). In the current time, Tata Steel Ltd. has a well grounded corporate social responsibility program which includes community development, environmental sustainability, employee relationships etc. This has made Tata to be recognized around the world due to its pioneering in this area (Mahesh, 2001). According to Mahajan (2003), Tata Steel Ltd. today spends between 5 and 7 % of its after tax profits to facilitate corporate social responsibility activities. This is a commendable amount of money to spend in corporate soci al responsibility programs. In this case study, commissioned and selected for studying the topic of CSR by The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), it becomes very clear that Tata is one of the firms which have taken corporate social responsibility in a very serious way. ... to identify the impact on the community in which the project is being carried out. This helps in influencing the way Tata Steel Ltd. operates its project especially with regard to the impact on the community and the environment. An evaluation of Tata Steel Ltd’s corporate social responsibility programs indicates its dedication in terms of making sure that its operations don’t affect the community in a negative way. However, there are a number of issues which come up as one looks closer. The first issue is that although Tata Steel Ltd. has invested a lot in corporate social responsibility programs, these programs are mostly directed towards philanthropic programs to the communities. Offering scholarships, healthcare services and other community programs is just a very small part of the problem especially for a big firm like Tata Steel Ltd (Puneet, 2011). Tata steel has activities which are very destructive to the environment and it is necessary for the firm to be able to look beyond just having philanthropic programs. Although Tata Steel Ltd. states clearly in its CSR policies that its CSR goes beyond just philanthropic projects, it does not seem so in practice (Wilson, 2012). It is possible that despite the many corporate social responsibility programs that Tata steel has, the long term effects of its operations will exceed the benefits achieved by the community through Tata’s corporate social responsibility programs. This indicates that there are issues which must be looked at in a very serious way in order to close this gap. Tata must look beyond just having good corporate social responsibility programs and look at the ways in which it can deliver a more practical and useful CSR programs. Environmental

A Framework for Structuring Drivers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

A Framework for Structuring Drivers - Essay Example The role of supply chain management in the business performance is crucial. For this reason, Krishnan et al. (2001, 259 supported that ‘supply chain management has become an important part of strategic planning in both large and small businesses since the 1990s as firms increasingly choose outsourcing as an externally-driven strategic growth path’. In order to identify and evaluate the role of supply chain management within a particular business environment it is necessary to examine primarily the whole firm’s operational activities trying to locate any possible barriers that can cause delay on the firm’s development. In this context, Baker et al. (2005, 43) found that ‘the term "operations" has evolved to denote all activities involved in bringing products and services to customers, and businesses have been applying the techniques of operations management to the entire spectrum of business operations; Enterprise resource planning (ERP), customer rela tionship management (CRM), and supply chain management (SCM) all provide an opportunity to enhance existing processes and serve as a catalyst for operational innovation’. In other words, supply chain management is considered to be a tool of major importance for the enhancement of the firm’s processes in all its sectors. However, in order for supply chain management to develop the corporate activities, it has to be based on a detailed plan, which can be differentiated for each firm in accordance with the demands of the market involved and the firm’s strengths and weaknesses.

Changing Rights Freedoms of Aboriginal People in Australia

Changing Rights Freedoms of Aboriginal People in Australia OUTCOMES ASSESSED HT5-2: sequences and explains the significant patterns of continuity and change in the development of the modern world and Australia HT5-3: explains and analyses the motives and actions of past individuals and groups in the historical contexts that shaped the modern world and Australia HT5-6: uses relevant evidence from sources to support historical narratives, explanations and analyses of the modern world and Australia HT5-7: explains different contexts, perspectives and interpretations of the modern world and Australia HT5-8: selects and analyses a range of historical sources to locate information relevant to an historical inquiry HT5-9: applies a range of relevant historical terms and concepts when communicating an understanding of the past HT5-10: selects and uses appropriate oral, written, visual and digital forms to communicate effectively about the past for different audiences In this task you will be assessed on how well you: Show an understanding of the Changing Rights Freedoms of Aboriginal People in Australias history. Present evidence reliant upon the topic you have studied in class during Term One, as well as your own research. This will include the impact of European occupation of Australia; Human Rights; legislation pertaining to Aboriginal Australians from Settlement to the current day. The ability to examine history through a multi-modal presentation. DESCRIPTION OF ACTIVITY This assessment will be in THREE PARTS as outlined below. The year 2017 has seen controversy emerge surrounding the celebration of Australia Day on January 26th. This date coincides with arrival of the First Fleet and the beginning of the loss of rights and freedoms of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. In order to explain to the Australian public why members of the Australian public have protested and campaigned to change the date of Australia Day, Triple Js Hack program has invited you on to the program to provide an explanation of this issue. You have been provided with the questions prior to your interview in order to prepare your responses. Complete the scaffolded transcript attached which will form the majority of your response to the interview. You must include a Harvard style bibliography. TO BE SUBMITTED: THURSDAY, 2 MARCH 2017 Record your response using a recording device and upload to OneNote/Stile (per teachers instruction). Your verbal response is an audio recording of your transcript and must be no longer than 5 minutes in length. TO BE SUBMITTED: THURSDAY, 2 MARCH 2017 You will complete a source analysis (ADAM PRU) of one source during class time in week 6, answering an unseen question. The source will be directly related to what you have studied for Parts A and B. TO BE COMPLETED IN CLASS: MONDAY, 6 MARCH 2017 TRANSCRIPT Transcript of Triple Js Hack program featuring JITHIN ABRAHAM Presenter: Recent protests and demonstrations have occurred on Australia Day 2017 (26th January) in opposition to the celebration of Australia Day on this date. Why do you think this is? [Jithin]: Well as we all know Australia day is well known for Captain Cooks arrival of the First Fleet but, in truth what many of us dont know is on that same day is what aboriginals call invasion day. This day symbolizes the denial of rights and freedoms of aboriginal people. Just as Paul Keating said, we failed to make the most basic human response and enter into their hearts and minds (Redfern speech). During this timeframe, indigenous Australians have experienced discrimination, inequality and lack of opportunity. Shane Howard in Solid Rock sang Wasnt long before they felt the sting White man, white law, white gun. To many Aboriginals this day is very little about celebrating and rather about remembering of a deep loss. A Loss of their land, family, and the right to practice their culture. Presenter: So what was the nature of the contact between the first settlers and Aboriginal Australians? [Jithin]: Um, it seems to me the early European settlers were just as curious as aboriginals. For instance, Captain Cook wrote: I cannot tell if these natives are the most miserable, or the happiest people on earth. The aborigines were a peaceful and nomadic group of natives. We know the English were told be at good terms between aboriginals. But gradually we realize the strong connection indigenous Australians had with the land was being disrespected as White settlement expanded. Without doubt, we understand white settlers felt vastly superior to the indigenous population leading to violence, prejudice and racism. Presenter: Can you explain to the audience the impact this would have had on Aboriginal Australians at this time? Maybe this is why it has been referred to as Invasion Day? [Jithin]: So, we understand white settlement had a dark and devastating impact on aboriginal Australians. Many aboriginals were forced off their ancestral land and became displaced. This led them to new diseases introduced by settlers, which they had had no immunity too. Just like Djinyini Gondarra said The land is my mother. Like a human mother, the land gives us protection, enjoyment and provides our needs. Due to this, they were unable to access food and water, which made them more fragile and powerless. Also during this period violent conflict between settlers arose causing many heartless deaths. The impact of white settlers resulted in a drastic decline in the indigenous population. Presenter: You mentioned the government policy of protectionism, what was this exactly? [Jithin]: Yeah, the policy of protectionism ran for around 68 years and the main idea behind it was to control and separate aboriginal people from the white population and from each other. The policy of protectionism placed restrictions that denied their independence, freedom and basic human rights. Rights such as the where aboriginal people should live were denied and instead, the government directed how aboriginal people should live. The freedom to express their traditional customs were banned. The protector was the legal owner of all personal property rightfully owned by the aboriginal workers. Spending money even to buy basic items was restricted. The freedom to marry whoever had to be granted by white superiors and traditional names were refused. We can clearly understand this policy was very RACIST towards aboriginals. Presenter: Can you just outline for the audience the purpose of reservations and missions during this time period? Who were they administered by [Jithin]: Reserves and missions were enforced by their so-called white protectors. This meant approval was needed to enter or leave fenced areas. By doing this they excluded aborigines from cities and towns, which achieved their purpose of separating aboriginals from the white population. White superiors were strict and conditions inside these reserves were extremely harsh. Just as R. Broome said, It was evident at one point the reserves superintendents were at once policeman, judge and jury. Presenter: The toll on the Aboriginal population of Australia must have been horrendous. What were some of the consequences of this policy? [Jithin]: It was clear that the policies of protection had led to the dispossession, despair and a rapid decline in the size of the Aboriginal population. An Increase in infant mortality, suicide and life expectancy had a great impact. Harsh living conditions directed them to drink and most children lost links with their family and land. Many aborigines missed out on being educated in the language, culture and traditions of their people. Also,numerous mental health problems arose during the lifetime of aboriginal children. Presenter: You mentioned assimilation earlier in the program, what was this? Was it another policy put in place by the government? [Jithin]: Once the government understood the protection policy wasnt going as planned, with expenses and maintenance in running reserves and missions. The way forward was to absorb aborigines into towns and cities and the wider white community. By doing this Aboriginals would lose their cultural background but instead have their status raised. As part of Assimilation, the certificate of exemption was introduced and it required a denial of all cultural identity. It was only accepted to aborigines who were considered as detribalised and which have worked for the white man. Presenter: What would become of full blood Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people during this period? [Jithin]: Well, full blood aboriginals were excluded from white society and placed in reserves and missions. Where they were ignored and left to die out alongside their culture. All opportunities were put back and they relied on each other to sustain. Presenter: And what about those who were deemed half-caste? [Jithin]: As part of assimilation half-castes were absorbed into the wider white community. In promise of a simpler lifestyle away from the harsh conditions found in reserves. But instead they were seen by the assumption of black inferiority and white superiority. Presenter: Just for the benefit of those listeners who have just tuned in, would you mind just defining the term the Stolen Generation? [Jithin]: The stolen generation were identified as those who were of aboriginal origin and were taken away from their families to be put into church missions, foster families and institutions. Under the act of government. Presenter: It sounds as though the impact of this policy was devastating to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. Can you explain this impact for our listeners out there? [Jithin]: When aboriginal people arrived in towns and cities and the wider white community, they came up against racism and discrimination. Aborigines were rather excluded from hotels and bars, they could only use swimming pools at certain times and sit in certain places at the cinemas. The most terrible part of the assimilated policy was that it led to children being taken away from their parents and families to be put into foster homes. These were known as the stolen generation. Presenter: Do you have an example from the material you have come across from a victim of the Stolen Generation? What was their experience? [Your Name]: Presenter: By todays standards, wouldnt these policies have been a breach of the Declaration of Human Rights? Do you mind just explaining, say three rights that these policies would have contravened? [Jithin]: Yes, they definitely would have breached the declaration of human rights. These policies have violated rights such asà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Um, all adults have the right to marriage and to raise a family. Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living for themselves and their family. And we are all equal before the law and entitled to equal protection of the law. Presenter: Wow, some powerful stuff. No wonder that some people are upset with our current celebration of Australia Day on the 26th January. But this isnt the first time people have protested against the abuse of rights and freedoms of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders is it? For the benefit of the audience could you please outline one of these protests? (Who, what, when, where, why) [Your Name]: Presenter: Thank you so much for your time today on Hack. Heres hoping the information you have provided has enlightened some of the more ignorant corners of Australian society. HARVARD STYLE BIBLIOGRAPHY Jens Korff. 2017. Australia Day Invasion Day. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.creativespirits.info/aboriginalculture/history/australia-day-invasion-day. [Accessed 18 February 2017 Paul Keating. 1992. Transcript. [ONLINE] Available at: https://antar.org.au/sites/default/files/paul_keating_speech_transcript.pdf. [Accessed 22 February 2017]. Shane Howard. 1982. Lyrics. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.top40db.net/lyrics/?SongID=83327. [Accessed 22 February 2017]. Skwirk. 2016. First contact with Europeans. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.skwirk.com/p-c_s-17_u-455_t-1228_c-4698/first-contact-with-europeans/wa/first-contact-with-europeans/aboriginal-people-and-torres-strait-islanders/contact-with-europeans-the-effects. [Accessed 22 February 2017]. Skwirk. 2017. Impact of European settlement on Indigenous people. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.skwirk.com/p-c_s-56_u-426_t-1075_c-4149/WA/10/Impact-of-European-settlement-on-Indigenous-people/_tb-v. [Accessed 23 February 2017]. Nature and Mind. 2014. Quotes. [ONLINE] Available at: https://mindofnature.wordpress.com/2014/07/30/ten-australian-aboriginal-quotes-and-sayings-on-spirituality-nature-and-humanity/. [Accessed 24 February 2017]. R. Broome, Aboriginal Australians Black responses to white Dominance, 1788-1980, Allen Unwin, Sydney, 1982, pp. 178-9 Skwirk. 2016. Life on the reserves. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.skwirk.com/p-c_s-14_u-120_t-327_c-1125/life-on-the-reserves/nsw/history/changing-rights-and-freedoms-aboriginal-people/the-aboriginal-experience. [Accessed 26 February 2017].

Margots Intentional Killing in Hemingways The Short Happy Life of Fra

Ernest Hemingway is known for writing novels and short stories with unresolved endings. In his short story, ?The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber?, he definitely leaves his readers guessing. The question is whether Margot kills her husband, Francis, intentionally, or if she accidentally shoots him, because she tries to save his life. There are many points that could be argued for both conclusions, but my observations have led me to believe that Margot did indeed shoot her husband intentionally, however, without pre-meditation. Margot has one of the most obvious motivations to kill her husband: money. In addition, she, on the other hand, has one great asset, her beauty, ?They had a sound basis of union. Margot was too beautiful for Macomber to divorce her and Macomber had too much money for Margot ever to leave him? (Hemingway). As this sentence says, their relationship is one of selfishness on both their parts. Francis desires beauty while Margot desires wealth. Money has long been considered the root of evil especially for those who do anything to keep it. The marriage bet...

Prison Inmates Should Be Allowed To Take College Courses Essay

Prison Inmates Should Be Allowed To Take College Courses Prison inmates should be allowed to take college course because having an education helps reform the inmate into a useful member of society. Education is useful in helping the inmate acquire the life skills necessary to make a life change for the better. Studies have shown that inmates who participate in educational programs were less likely to recidivate once released back into to society than those who did ot participate. Allowing prisoners to take college courses restructures the way inmates think and benefits society as a whole by helping inmates adapt once released, providing Job skills necessary to find work, and aiding in inmate rehabilitation. Providing an education for inmates helps them acquire the necessary life skills to make better choices once released and makes it easier to adapt to life outside the prison walls. An educated person is better able to choose etween right and wrong and also make wiser decisions. By restructuring the way an inmate thinks, the inmate makes better choices and finds better role models to emulate. An inmate who has the ability to read and write is better able to find information for himself and is more likely to use that information to make informed decisions. It is therefore easy to deduce, an inmate who has received a prison education can think more clearly and will act more positively preventing most inmates from recidivism. Using the education gained in prison will facilitate an inmate’s adaption to society and provides the necessary Jobs skills to find work once released. Education for inmates helps build a foundation for future success and provides the Job skills necessary to help inmates find work once they are released. Teaching basic educational skills to inmates such as reading, writing, and math skills increases their chances of passing employment tests and greatly improves their..

The Crown of Minos essays

The Crown of Minos essays There are different versions of the Greek myth of King Minos by Panocles. The Coop Theater Company performed the most famous version at the Black Box Theater on October 28. Writer, Director David Watkins, Jr.s adaptation of the Greek myth of King Minos and the Minotaur was great. Watkins production captured everything that helped the message of the play. The play starts by introducing King Minos (Ken MacFarlane). He was King of Crete. Minos was a tyrant who wouldnt listen to anyone. His wife Pasiphae (Annmarie Hehir) was the daughter of the sun god Helios and the oceanid Perse. Minos and Pasiphae with the help of a god had four sons Androgeus, Catreus, Deucalion and Glaucus. They also had four daughters Acalle, Xenodice, Ariadne and Phaedra. All their kids except Ariadne (Jen Eldridge), Phaedra (Christy Buchholz) and Androgeus (Morris Nash) died in the beginning of the play. Ariadne had a dream that Dionysus (Dante Salerno) came to her and was going to ask her to marry him. Dionysus was the god of wine, vegetation, pleasures, and of civilization. He gave her a ring, which she didnt tell anyone who it was from. King Minos was told of her dream and he got mad and started thinking that Dionysus was after him and his family. Ariadne was faithful to Dionysus waiting for the day he would come for her. One day, a dispute over the domination of Crete led Minos to pray to Poseidon for a creature to sacrifice to the sea god as a sign of his true kingship. Poseidon sent Minos, a beautiful white bull from the sea, which became known as the Cretan Bull. This confirmed that Minos was the true king. However, Minos found the bull so beautiful that he refused to sacrifice the bull to the sea god. Instead, Minos sacrificed a bull of poorer quality to Poseidon. Minos kept this great bull for breeding with his herd of cows. Poseidon punished Minos by making Pasiphae fall in love with the bull. Pasiphae had unco...

Essay about Huck Finn River

Essay about Huck Finn River Essay about Huck Finn River Mark Twain’s masterpiece, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, primarily takes place around the majestic Mississippi River. In fact, there wouldn’t be a story full of adventures if the Mississippi River wasn’t there to provide Huck and Jim a mode of transportation. However, the river symbolizes much more than a physical landmark throughout the story. Twain effectively utilizes the river to play several roles in his novel. For Huck and Jim, the grand Mississippi offers them a gateway to new adventures, freedom, and comfort. When Jim decided to become a fugitive slave after realizing that he would be sold, Huck makes a daring commitment to follow him. Although Huck had his own reasons to flee, he possessed an insatiable thirst for adventure. â€Å"Next morning I said it was getting slow and dull, and I wanted to get a stirring up, some way. I said I reckoned I would slip over the river and find out what was going on.† (Twain 54) Huck dresses up as a girl in o rder to find out what was going on in the next town. It was a risky and foolish adventure, especially since Huck was aiding a runaway fugitive down the Mississippi River. The river simply didn’t allow Huck and Jim to have many uneventful days. Fog from the river also makes the duo miss the mouth of the Ohio River, resulting in witnessing a dangerous family feud, crashing their raft into a steamboat, and assisting two low-life con artists. These adventurous turn of events were all made possible by the Mississippi River. Since these events happened in real physical towns and landmarks near the river, Twain is able to provide the reader a high level of authenticity. For Huck and Jim, the river represents freedom and hope for a better life. Jim is shackled by the cruel reality of slavery; his wife and children were enslaved and separated as well. He has no intentions of being sold to a slave state and decides to utilize the river as an opportunity for a new life. Although Jim is an uneducated slave, he is smart enough to know that he would be free if the river carried him to a free state. The river was a great idea, because it wouldn’t leave tracks behind for slave catchers to follow his trail. Jim’s grand plan was to allow the river to carry him to freedom, which would allow him to work towards buying his family’s freedom. This idealistic plan could only be made possible if the river’s currents would allow it. Although Huck is white and legally not a slave, he feels hopelessly enslaved by society and his drunken father. â€Å"All right; I can stop anywhere I want to.† (Twain 34) After Huck escapes, his adventures on the Mississippi River begin. The river enables him to finally be in control of his own life. Neither the Widow Douglas nor Pap is able to mold him into something Huck is clearly not cut out to be. While floating down the river on a raft, Huck and Jim are finally able to experience a taste of freedom. Although floating down the river on a raft may seem to be a cluttered and cramped

Give a topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Give a topic - Essay Example It brings out their affiliation towards worshiping things they can see rather than an invisible power. They believe all animals and plants, large and small, have powers because the perceived great spirits have a presence in them. This includes non living things like rocks. They also believe that humans need to bow down to nature and have patience as it helps them in their short lives. Another fascinating point by the people of the Pacific islands is their belief that the power of the spirits is concentrated in certain beings and places. They believe that these powers are the ones that enable them to display unusual insights, strength and effectiveness. As described by Tlakaelel, the spiritual leader, such powers may be found in objects like specially made mirrors that concentrate power. The leader believes that when one reaches a point that they can concentrate with all their being, it’s a moment of light full of ecstasy. It is also interesting the way it is pointed out that s uch sacred sites may be recognized by the powers felt by the believers within their

Efficiency Of The Work Of The Allstate Insurance Company Term Paper

Efficiency Of The Work Of The Allstate Insurance Company - Term Paper Example Necessary knowledge and skills apply in this process, thereby measuring just how much the program is set to work out in favor of the company. In the context of this company, the idea of this condition is down packed. Current job skills and expertise in the company is highly evaluated in the present times in relation to the goals, mission, and objectives of the company. Advancement program for employee skills and expertise is operational, training of workers put in place as well as mentoring services. Creative and critical skill development is therefore at the disposal of workers, and opportunities for advancement are therefore created. As much as the condition here is hectic to functionalize, it clarifies the firm’s goals and initiates efficiency in the operations of the company (Andreas, 1998). Difficult goals call for maximum attention and analysis over time. This is the second's step towards achieving functional goal-setting procedures. The employees must be upfront at all times in regard to the attainment of these difficult goals. Employees focus on their work has been enhanced in this company by the fact there is a childcare unit in the company. The childcare units are favorable to the users since they offer care discounts for the parents. Over and above this fact, Allstate uses other means to keep the workers focused on the goals of the firm. These means are: offering dry cleaning services as well as oil-change services. It is therefore little or no time wasted by the employees during work hours when they need the aforementioned services. Day breaks allow the parents to see their children without wasting so much time. They can, therefore, work as required by the company (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011). Goal achievement progress needs to be monitored at each point in time, and necessary feedback toward such progress reported from time to time.

Forum 3, rape and sexual violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Forum 3, rape and sexual violence - Essay Example Inger Skjelsbaek (2006) in her research, narrates the story of a woman who was raped during the Bosnian war. Danira was raped during the war more than a hundred times over, she was raped by military personnel and by groups of them (Skjelsbaek, 2006). She states that they were never the same men and hated the Muslim women (Skjelsbaek, 2006). Danira asked them to kill her as she did not want to go back to her family after going through the ordeal (Skjelsbaek, 2006). The Military personnel who raped her and many others with her, were not held accountable for the war crimes and did not undergo any punishment whatsoever. Despite the fact that rape is held prohibited under the ‘Geneva convention’; committing rape during war is a crime punishable by death or under the ‘Article 120 of the American Uniform Code of Military Justice’ the perpetrator can be imprisoned (Stuhldreher, 1994). Rape cases during war go unpunished due to two main reasons; first for not being reported and secondly for rape being treated as a war weapon (Swiss & Giller, 1993; Keith, 1997). Recently female army personnel being raped by their colleagues or seniors has become an ‘occupational hazards’ with a drastic increase in the number of occurrences (Meleis, 2013). Statistics in the documentary ‘The Invisible War’, reveal that females serving in the military in the war zones of Iraq and Afghanistan are less likely to be killed in battle and more likely to be raped by a military colleague (Meleis, 2013). Almost 20, 000 people in service are each year raped or sexually assaulted and the victimizers manage to get away with it (Kitfield, 2012). In 2011, 883 cases in the marines and Navy were reported for sexual assault and for the army the number was 1,695 (Wilkinson & Hirschkorn, 2013). Not only women but also men suffer at the hands of the sexual victimization. The number of men being treated for Military Sexual Trauma is above

Law AS - causation model answer Essay Example for Free

Law AS causation model answer Essay There are two types of causation which are necessary to establish criminal liability. These are factual causation and cause in law (also known as legal causation). Factual causation means that the defendant can only be found guilty if the consequence would not have happened ‘but for’ the defendant’s conduct. This was seen in the case of Pagett (1982). Similarly, a defendant cannot be found guilty if the victim’s death was unrelated to the defendant’s actions (as in White, 1910). Legal causation, where the actions of D must be found to have caused the consequence, can be established as long as the ‘chain of causation’ (between the act and the consequence) has not been broken. There are a number of ways in which this chain can be broken,: Firstly, through the act of a third party, an example of which is medical treatment that is deemed to be ‘palpably wrong’ such as that seen in Jordan (1956); Secondly, where the victim’s own act is so daft as to not be reasonably expected, as seen in Williams (1992); Finally, as a result of a natural but unpredictable event, such as a flood or an earthquake. Despite external factors, the chain of causation is not deemed to have been broken as long as the D’s actions are more than a ‘minimal’ cause of the consequence. Similarly, the defendant must also take the defendant as they find them. This is known as the ‘thin skull rule’ (as seen in Blaue 1975), meaning that there is legal causation even if D’s actions would not have caused those consequences in a regular or normal person.

Womens Marital Rights in Thomas Hardys The Woodlanders :: Hardy Woodlanders Essays

Women's Marital Rights in Thomas Hardy's The Woodlanders Thomas Hardy's novels focus on the difficulties of relationships between men and women, especially married men and women. In his preface to The Woodlanders, Hardy poses the question of "given the man and woman, how to find a basis for their sexual relation" (Hardy 39). With this in mind, the reader meets Grace Melbury, a young woman of marrying age, who is betrothed by circumstances beyond her control, to a man named Giles Winterbourne. When the young and mysterious doctor, Edred Fitzpiers catches Grace's eye, Hardy's question of sexual compatibilities is addressed. Grace and Fitzpiers find themselves mutually attracted to one another, and Giles loses Grace's affection. In time, Grace and Fitzpiers are married. Yet this union is soon challenged by Fitzpiers secret affair with the powerful Felice Charmond. Grace learns of Edred's adultery, and is angered and humiliated. With the prompting of her father, Grace is forced to evaluate her marriage. At this time, they hear about the so-called "new law", which would possibly allow for her to divorce Fitzpiers, and re-engage in her courtship with Winterbourne. This law in question, The Divorce and Matrimonial Causes act of 1857, proves not to be a solution to Grace's dilemma. Prior to the Divorce and Matrimonial Causes Act of 1857, divorce in England was regulated by the Ecclesiastical Courts. Marriage was a permanent state of being for the most part. The Church granted divorces only with the addition of a private act of Parliament, an extensive and costly procedure; therefore, before 1857, only the very wealthy had access to marital termination. The Act of 1857 created the Probate and Divorce Court in London. The law allowed a man to divorce his wife for adultery, but a woman's request for a divorce would only be granted if her husband practiced cruelty, bigamy, incest, and/or bestiality along with adultery. Women could obtain a separation for desertion of more than two years, as well as adultery or cruelty. A deserted wife could also apply for rights of her own property, something not completely legal until 1870. If a woman could not afford the expenses of a divorce procedure, she could only be granted a separation from her husband. Although a good firs t step, this law still held many limitations for women. The Married Women's Property Acts of 1870 and 1882 favored women's marital rights.

Biometrics :: essays research papers

Biometrics   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Biometrics is â€Å"a branch of biology that studies biological phenomena and observations by means of statistical analysis† (Dictionary.com WordNet  ® 2.0,  © 2003 Princeton University). In other words Biometrics is the study of the human body natural identification, now a days corporations use biometrics instead of a simple code. Also police and other federal and worldwide associations use biometrics to stop criminals and to keep track of where criminals are and who they really are. Biometrics has been around for hundreds upon hundreds of years, from when the Chinese first used it to identify children with footprints, to the more advanced salinity recognition that has been developed for today. The use of Biometrics and the technologies that have come from it has made security much more advanced, but it’s getting to the point that maybe even the technology of Biometrics is intruding our privacy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the first known cases of humans using biometrics to identify one another was by early Chinese merchants. Joao Barros, wrote that the Chinese merchants used the first noted form of biometrics by stamping children’s palm and footprints on paper with ink. By doing this, the Chinese solved a way to tell apart young children from one another. This is one of the earlier of not the first noted case of the use of Biometrics; it is still used today when children are born. Though biometrics has been used throughout the world it never became a popular practice until a man named Alphonse Bertillion decided to fix the problem of identifying convicted criminals. The problem with identifying criminals that were captured again was that the criminals often gave different aliases each time they were arrested. This would keep them from receiving the larger sentence for being a repeat offender. He realized that even if a criminal changed his name, cut his hair or put on weight, certain elements of the body wouldn’t change. This led him to form a method of measuring the more noticeable parts of a person’s body, the parts of the body that never changed during their life such as the size of the skull or the length of their fingers. This system was called anthropometrical signalment and was very basic in its accomplishment. Whenever a person was arrested they were sent through a series of tests that recorded the length and distinguishable marks of thei r bodies. This was all recorded on a card and filed away in groups with similar test results.

Bear Stearns Collapse Timeline Essay

This week five years ago, JP Morgan announced it would buy Wall Street rival Bear Stearns in a deal worth $2 a share – this ultimately rose to $10. Here, Financial News looks at the events in the run-up to the fall of the 85-year old independent investment bank. Financial News compiled the timeline from press releases, contemporary media reports and William D Cohan’s account of the collapse of the bank, ‘House of Cards’. May 21, 2007 After months of growing instability in the US sub-prime mortgage market, Bear Stearns chairman Alan ‘Ace’ Greenberg offers reassurances that the firm, heavily exposed to the market, is on top of things. â€Å"The sub-prime (issue) has been blown completely out of proportion,† he says, in comments reported by Dow Jones Newswires. Mid-June 2007 Serious problems become apparent at two Bear Sterns hedge funds with a high exposure to sub-prime mortgages. Investors in the High-Grade Structured Credit Strategies Enhanced Leverage Fund, which managed $600m, are informed that the fund has lost 23% of its value over the year to April, reports The Wall Street Journal. The fund begins a fire-sale to minimise exposures. After the failure of a mooted rescue plan involving support from lenders, a new rescue scheme is announced by Bear Stearns, which offers $3. 2bn for a bailout of a second fund – the High Grade Structured Credit Fund. The bank previously had only $45m invested in this fund’s equity, according to William D Cohan in House of Cards’. Bear Stearns later says it is providing $1. 6bn to the fund rather than the original $3. 2bn, citing the sale of assets. A decision is made not to rescue the High-Grade Structured Credit Strategies Enhanced Leverage Fund, according to Cohan. August 3, 2007 Standard & Poor’s downgrades the bank’s outlook to negative. The bank says that concerns over its situation are â€Å"unwarranted† as the hedge fund fallout represented â€Å"isolated incidents† and â€Å"by no means a broader indication† of the bank’s performance, according to The Wall Street Journal. August 5, 2007 Bear Stearns president and co-chief operating officer Warren Spector resigns from the bank. Alan Schwartz is confirmed as sole president. Days later, the Associated Press reports that the bank sends letters to clients reassuring them of its financial position. September 10, 2007 British billionaire Joseph Lewis expresses his confidence in the future of the bank by acquiring a 7% stake, becoming one of the largest shareholders. October 5, 2007 Federal prosecutors launch an investigation into the collapse of the Bear Stearns hedge funds. November/December 2007 Chief financial officer Sam Molinaro says that the bank has been â€Å"very conservative and aggressive† in its revaluations, according to Dow Jones Newswires. On December 10, MarketWatch reports that the bank has written down $1. 9bn related to mortgage exposure. January 8, 2008 Chief executive Jimmy Cayne steps down after widespread criticism of his hands-off response to the events of the previous year. He remains as chairman. He is replaced at the top by Alan Schwartz. In the same month, the bank announces the closure of a third fund, the Bear Stearns Asset Backed Securities Fund. Bloomberg reports that this fund has suffered a decline of 39% of its value over a year. February, 2008 Hedge fund Peloton Partners, run by Goldman alumnus Ron Beller, collapses following its exposure to asset-backed securities. March 2008 Carlyle Capital, a hedge fund based in Amsterdam, collapses as concerns over exposures to mortgages begin to multiply, causing a squeeze on lines of funding. By March 5, insurance premiums on Bear Stearns debt have risen from $50,000 per $10m of debt at the beginning of 2005 to $350,000 per $10m debt, according to William D Cohan. It soon reaches $700,000. Monday, March 10, 2008 The company’s stock falls 11% to its lowest level in five years following a Moody’s downgrade of portions of its mortgage bond holdings, writes Cohan. The bank denies rumours that it is in trouble. Investors look for ways to bet on further falls in the bank’s stock. Tuesday, March 11, 2008 ING Groep, the Dutch bank, cancels $500m of short-term funding for Bear Stearns, according to The Wall Street Journal, following an example set by Rabobank. According to a press release, the Federal Reserve announces an unprecedented lending facility in which collateral can be exchanged for funding, but the scheme cannot be accessed until March 27. In another important incident, cited by Cohen in ‘House of Cards’, Goldman Sachs refuses to stand in for Hayman Capital in a trade with Bear Stearns, suggesting hemorrhaging confidence among major financial players. Wednesday. March 12, 2008 Overnight markets for funding begin to dry up, while institutions continue to deny short-term lending to Bear Stearns. Hedge funds and other investors continue in their attempts to extract their money from Bear Stearns, which is rapidly approaching a funding crisis. Thursday, March 13, 2008. As customers continue to withdraw funds, the Securities and Exchange Commission and the New York Federal Reserve begin discussions on the crisis. In a meeting on Thursday night, reported by Cohen, it is discovered that outgoings at the firm can no longer be maintained, with the firm effectively running out of cash during the afternoon. Lawyers are summoned to discuss the options for bankruptcy, while a deal with JP Morgan Chase is sought. After late night negotiations, JP Morgan agrees in conjunction with the Federal Reserve Bank of New York that it will provide secured funding to Bear Sterns for an initial period of up to 28 days. Friday, March 14, 2008 The cobbled-together deal fails to assuage the markets. Investors continue to pull money from the bank over the course of the day. By the evening, it is clear that a solution will have to be devised over the weekend if the bank is to survive. Saturday, March 15- Sunday, March 16, 2008 JP Morgan says it cannot do a deal without support from the Federal Reserve, due to the large number of toxic securities on the books of Bear Stearns. In response, the Fed approves a loan of $30bn saying that it is necessary to avoid â€Å"serious disruptions in the financial markets†. JP Morgan offers just $2 per share for the bank, a large loss for those whose stock was worth $30 on Friday, $60 the week before and over $150 a year before. Bondholders will be rescued by the deal, which is accepted by the board of Bear Stearns on Sunday morning. Wrangles with JP Morgan over a contract situation – which potentially leaves the bank liable for funding Bear Stearns without claiming full ownership – result in brinkmanship from Bear Sterns. A final price of $10 per share is agreed, with a value of $1. 45bn attached to the equity. March 25 Bear Stearns chief executive Jimmy Cayne and his wife sell 5. 66 million shares in the bank for $61. 34m, which, according to Cohan, represented a $1bn loss on the bank’s stock. May 29 The final Bear Stearns shareholder meeting takes place, at which former CEO Cayne speaks of his sadness at the firm’s demise, according to The Wall Street Journal, citing guests present.

Jackie Roosevelt Robinson

Jackie Roosevelt Robinson was born on January 31, 1919, in a small town of Cairo, Georgia, to a family of sharecroppers. Jackies mother, Mallie Robinson, single handedly raised him and his four siblings. They later moved to Pasadena, California, where they encountered much racial discrimination. They were the only black family living on the block at that time so Jackie did not have a very pleasant childhood. He had no friends and never went out into the neighborhood. He grew up excelling in many different sports though, such as: football, basketball, baseball, and track. He went to high school at John Muir Technical High and played all four sports there. He then went on to college at University of California at Los Angeles or better known as UCLA. At UCLA he was the first athlete to be on four varsity teams. In 1941 he made the All-American football team. After college, he became a professional football player for the Los Angeles Bulldogs. He then enlisted in the ! U.S. Army due to financial pressure on his family. He eventually became a second lieutenant. Not long after that, Jackie was court-marshaled for speaking out on racial discrimination. He then was given an honorable discharge. In 1945, Jackie played in the Negro Leagues of baseball. He traveled all over America with the Kansas City Monarchs. He and his friends, Satchel Paige and Josh Gibson, heard about a man who was trying to integrate baseball. Jackie never thought that the man, Branch Rickey, would choose him. Jackie started his professional baseball career with the Dodgers. By the end of his first season with the dodgers he had married his love, Rachel Isum, had gotten 12 homeruns, 29 steals, and a .297 batting average, which means that every ONE-THOUSAND times he batted he got a hit 297 times. He also got the Rookie of the Year Award, given to the rookie with the best statistics. In 1949, he was selected as the National League Most Val...

Free Essays on Problems At Pfizer

There are quite a few factors that are related to the success of Pfizer. First of all, the pain market is continuing to go through a period of sustained growth which is buoyed by a number of new product launches. This could be because of the fact that the pain market has increased by $17 billion in 2001 and is expected to grow to $25 billion by 2010. The growth has been led by their sales of COX-II inhibitors and opioids. Since the market is expected to grow, this will present opportunities in many different drug classes. Pfizer will continue to dominate the pain market over the forecasted period, as the introduction of their second-generation drugs will strengthen their already dominant position. Pfizer recognizes leadership as a core company value. In fact, Pfizer said a strong leadership platform, combined with the dedication and support of all its employees, were the key factors in determining the company’s strong placing in the rankings. Despite the facts that there are many factors that created success to Pfizer, there are also some challenges along the road. In order to maintain their dominant market position Pfizer will have to seek out niche areas of the patient population. This will ensure that Pfizer will need to develop ever more sophisticated growth strategies that reach niche sectors of the patient population. Patent expirations and challenges also could affect sales starting next year. Pfizer's success in producing new drugs has been spotty, and prescription growth on some of its top-selling drugs is slowing at a time when competition is expected to increase.... Free Essays on Problems At Pfizer Free Essays on Problems At Pfizer There are quite a few factors that are related to the success of Pfizer. First of all, the pain market is continuing to go through a period of sustained growth which is buoyed by a number of new product launches. This could be because of the fact that the pain market has increased by $17 billion in 2001 and is expected to grow to $25 billion by 2010. The growth has been led by their sales of COX-II inhibitors and opioids. Since the market is expected to grow, this will present opportunities in many different drug classes. Pfizer will continue to dominate the pain market over the forecasted period, as the introduction of their second-generation drugs will strengthen their already dominant position. Pfizer recognizes leadership as a core company value. In fact, Pfizer said a strong leadership platform, combined with the dedication and support of all its employees, were the key factors in determining the company’s strong placing in the rankings. Despite the facts that there are many factors that created success to Pfizer, there are also some challenges along the road. In order to maintain their dominant market position Pfizer will have to seek out niche areas of the patient population. This will ensure that Pfizer will need to develop ever more sophisticated growth strategies that reach niche sectors of the patient population. Patent expirations and challenges also could affect sales starting next year. Pfizer's success in producing new drugs has been spotty, and prescription growth on some of its top-selling drugs is slowing at a time when competition is expected to increase....

Should Capital Punishment be Aboloshed essays

Should Capital Punishment be Aboloshed essays With the passage of time there has been softening of Penal Cod. Not long ago death penalty was inflicted fron numerous offences. In England death by hanging was a legal punishment for no less than two hundred offences, even for such minor offences as stealing a sheep, poaching or pick-pocketing. With the dawn of modern civilization a realization has dawned upon the people that severity of punishment is a relic of barbarism. It was Sir Robert Peele, the British Home Secretary, who revised the Penal Code in 1923 and slashed the number of capital offences to only two: murder and treason. In countries like Holland and Italy capital punishment has been abolished altogether. In France and Belgium it ha not been enforced over the last so many years. The main argument of those countries which have abolished it or ontend to do so, is that it is irrevocable.No judge, howsoever honest or conscientious he may be, can claim to be infallible. Terrible blunders are likely to be committed by even the most seasoned judges in sensitive cases like murder or treason. The alleged culprits have been condemned to death and executed, whi afterwards, but too late, proved to be innocent. If life-imprisonment had been awarded for murder, the victims of these miscarriages of justice, could, at any rate, have been released and compensated for wrongful conviction. But nothing can be done when the convicted person has been hanged. There are some people who hold that the abolition of capital punishment would encourage the criminals to commit murders with impunity. The softening of the penal code would lead to an increase in the incidence of crime. But the crime situation in Italy and Belgium where death penalty has been done away with is rather on the decline. Indeed over-severity has often increased crime by marking criminals desperate. Those who are in favour of retaining capital punishment say that the death penalty is logical outcome of a henious crime li ...

Heat and the Kinetic theory of matter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Heat and the Kinetic theory of matter - Essay Example From the very basics of what employs the chemical subject, it is imperative that all chemistry students develop a deep understanding of what is the kinetic theory of matter and how it is particularly influenced by changes in the heat and temperature around the substances that are being examined as practical objects. The most understanding decisive factor about understanding all of this is by comprehending the fact of exactly what heat is and how it potentially operates. Heat on with reference to (Encyclopaedia Britannica Educational Corporation. (1989). what is heat?) is the amount of thermal energy that is being possessed by all and every matter established in the universe. To be technically precise the universe as we have come to know is made up of molecules and atoms that are in constant random motion or they fundamentally vibrate about their fixed position causing a stir up in the heat generated or more precisely causing an increase in the thermal energy of their employed surroundings. Thermal energy as being energy is measured in joules and due to the free flowing nature of matter pertaining to the everlasting vibration and motion of atoms and molecules is also passed from one particular body to another and this transfer of thermal energy is known as the exo/endo thermic processes involving the heat transfer of objects. In these cause of events, either endothermic or exothermic there is always a shift in the thermal energy gained or lost by one isolated object to another or vice versa. Generally speaking endothermic and exothermic reactions account on the comparison of heat gained or lost to the surroundings as the environment helps keep one end of the deal at constant r.t.p. (room temperature and pressure) helping in determining which reactions are more active than others. Let us now take a very common example regarding a much general chemistry case that involves either exothermic or endothermic reactions. On significant terms endothermic reactions are rather slow in nature generally than exothermic reactions and hence they ought to have a more time consuming practical approach. Photosynthesis, the using of sunlight in making food for the plant by the plant is an active example of how endothermic reactions occur. Definitive terminology puts endothermic reactions clas sify these as processes in which heat or thermal energy is taken from the surrounds and transferred into the reaction mixture or let us say that thermal energy is gained hence causing a flow in heat from one object to another while decisively in a exothermic reaction such as mixture of sodium chloride to create a salt NaCl is a much faster chemical reaction but in such reactions thermal energy is lost from the reaction mixture into the surrounds i.e. to say that heat, unlike the endothermic reactions, is transferred from the reaction mixture to the surrounds. I personally believe that the study of heat and matter is relatively one of the larger branches of study in the chemistry subject but as so much to this thesis I clearly see that heat and how it is manipulated is been thoroughly achieved through this literature. Moving on to what potentially temperature might be, well temperature on account of Sullivan, N. (2007) is the average heat or thermal energy in a substance. Unlike ther mal energy temperature has more focus on a number

Caf Survey Statistics Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Caf Survey - Statistics Project Example Among the respondents were sixty nine staff members and one hundred and fifty six students. Among the students, 15 are freshman, 25 are sophomore, 43 are Junior, 64 are Senior and 6 are Graduate Students. From the analysis above, we noted that the largest population of the college of technology is dominated by senior students. From the data obtained we can know the group of students and staff that uses the cafà © and this will help in deciding on amount of food staff to prepare and time. From the survey we found that seventy one of the two hundred and twenty five respondents currently use the Executive Express Cafà © in the College of Business. Among those who currently use the cafà © in the college of business, twenty two are staff members and forty nine are students. On how often do respondents who visit the cafà © in the school of business, 57 respondents do use the cafà © 1-2 times a week, 11 uses the cafà © 3-4 times a week and only three use it a week. This is represented below. On analysis of the purchases made by the respondents, 35 do purchase pizza, 10 purchase Chips, 14purchease Muffins/Bagels, 17 purchase Salad Sandwiches, 18 purchase Cookies/Treat Bars, 12 purchase Yogurt/Pudding, 16 purchase Fruit Cups, 42 purchase Coffee/Specialty Drink and 29 purchase Bottled Drinks/Soda. From this data the most purchased is Coffee/Specialty Drink. The table below shows a breakdown of these results. In conclusion we noted that about 32 percent of the college of technology faculty and staff do currently use the cafà © in the college of business. These results give us an approximate of 480 people from college of technology who currently use the cafà © in college of business. Concerning the data collected to determine how often people of college of technology do use the cafà © in the college of business, I do conclude that most people visit the cafà © twice a week. In detail it is 80 percent of those people who use the cafà © in college of business using it 1-2 times a

Violent Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Violent Crime - Essay Example Rational choice theory can be used to explain the high rates of crimes in areas characterized by poverty, unemployment, school dropouts, and divorce among others in many ways. First, the theory notes that the offenders are willing to do all that they can to obtain money, sex, status and any other thing that can make them happy (Ahmad, 2014). As it is commonly known, those who are unemployed lack the basics of sustaining themselves such as the daily upkeep and decent housing. Because of this, they are likely to be involved in violent crimes to get what they want. Same thing applies to the school dropouts who lack the skills that employers look for their employments. Lastly, the theory bases on cost benefit analyses among the offenders (Ahmad, 2014). Residents living in recession areas weigh the impact of violent crimes to obtain what they want with the punishment they are to get. In most cases, some of them commit violent crimes and run before being caught. This encourages them to continue with the act since the benefit is high compared to cost because they are not caught. Hence, the unemployed, poverty stricken, and school dropouts are more likely to commit violent crimes often compared to others. In conclusion, rationale choice theory of crimes assumes that human beings are rational actors who calculates and weighs their behaviors before committing a crime. They indulge in violent crimes after considering the impact in terms of pleasure versus pain.

John quincy adams Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

John quincy adams - Research Paper Example ncy, born on 11 July 1767, spent most of his early years in Braintree with his parents John and Abigail Adams who taught him classics, Mathematics, and languages. John Quincy, at the age of ten, began travelling to Europe with his father who was a diplomat, enabling him to serve as a secretary of state at a young age. John Quincy spent time in Paris and studied art, music and fencing, and when he was old enough, went to Massachusetts where he specialized in law up to 1790. Quincy was a lawyer for a short period until he was drawn to civic discourse that was a precursor to his life in the public office. John Quincy became a lawyer after graduating at Harvard University, until the age of 26 when he got an appointment to become minister for the Netherlands. Quincy then got promoted to Berlin Legation and became elected in 1802, as a Senator. He worked for six years until he got an appointment of being minister for Russia. Quincy Adams was one of the greatest State Secretaries who worked under President Monroe, and this is evident in his arrangement of England’s joint occupation of Oregon country and the formulation of the Monroe Doctrine. However, Quincy declined calls from Madison to become one of the judges of the Supreme Court in 1811 (Hewson 41). The 1824 presidential elections won by John, was the first ever after the passage of the Twelfth Amendment, and with the collapse of the competition that used to exist between the Federalists and Republicans, personal and sectional conflicts arouse to replace party politics. John Quincy Adams had an embodiment regarding parties, but enforced political principles that focused on antislavery, and this challenged Jacksonian democracy. In addition, his high-minded stances weakened him as a president especially during sessions in the congress. President John Quincy had programs, which were meant to create a national market, and included the creation universities, canals, and roads among other initiatives. His strategies